The Unfinished Work: Civic Understanding and the Fragile State of American Democracy

Abraham Lincoln has been one of my heroes for as long as I can remember—second only to my parents. My earliest memory of a family vacation is a cross-country road trip that included a stop at Gettysburg, not long after the Civil War Centennial. I was four years old, standing on those hallowed grounds. At that age, I couldn’t grasp the full weight of history in a place where so many had given their lives for the idea of a more perfect union. But that visit sparked a lifelong fascination with Lincoln—the statesman, the writer, the moral compass of a divided nation. I’ve been a Lincoln buff, a fan, maybe even a nerd ever since.

His Gettysburg Address, just 272 words long, remains to me one of the most powerful expressions of American ideals ever written. More than a dedication of a cemetery, it was a recommitment to democracy, equality, and national purpose. Today, as we navigate a political landscape marked by division, disinformation, and declining civic understanding, Lincoln’s words are more than a historical artifact—they are a call to action. The erosion of civic education threatens our ability to live up to them, and the “unfinished work” of democracy must remain at the center of our national consciousness.

The Gettysburg Address

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate—we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.

It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Civic Illiteracy

In just 272 words, Lincoln distilled the moral foundation and political aspiration of the American experiment: that a nation “conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” must continually prove its capacity to endure. Delivered in the blood-soaked shadow of the Civil War, his address transcended its moment to articulate a timeless challenge—one that feels especially urgent in today’s divided political climate.

While we are not engaged in civil war, we are experiencing a profound erosion of trust in democratic institutions, rising polarization, and a drift away from shared civic understanding. One of the less discussed but deeply consequential causes of this crisis is the long-term decline of civics education in American schools. Without a firm grasp of how our government functions—or why democratic participation matters—citizens are ill-equipped to take up the "unfinished work" Lincoln called us to continue.

Lincoln’s speech reminds us that democracy is not self-sustaining—it must be nurtured, practiced, and defended. He avoided partisan rhetoric, choosing instead to elevate principles of unity, sacrifice, and shared responsibility.

Yet in recent decades, we have allowed our civic muscles to atrophy. Civics—once a core part of American education—has been marginalized or dropped entirely in many school systems. As a result, generations have come of age without a meaningful understanding of the Constitution, the rule of law, or their responsibilities as citizens.

This civic illiteracy has real and dangerous consequences. Without an understanding of the electoral process, misinformation spreads more easily and undermines confidence in election outcomes. Without knowledge of the First Amendment, Americans are less equipped to identify and defend against threats to press freedom and free speech. Without an appreciation of checks and balances, they may support authoritarian measures, misinterpreting them as strength rather than erosion.

In Lincoln’s time, the existential threat to democracy was open warfare. Today, it is disconnection, apathy, and extremism born of ignorance. Reinvigorating civic education—in schools, communities, and media—is not a luxury; it is essential to national stability. A democracy cannot thrive on instinct or symbolism alone. It demands active, informed participation.

Lincoln concluded his address with a hope: “that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.” Whether that government endures depends not only on elections and laws, but on education—on equipping every new generation with the knowledge, habits, and values necessary for self-government.

Postscript

The kids at Gettysburg, Nov. 2003

Today, the 155th anniversary of the Gettysburg Address, I found myself reflecting on a moment from years earlier when I stood with my children at the Gettysburg National Cemetery. We paused in front of the simple granite marker believed to mark the spot where Lincoln delivered his immortal words. I’ve had the Address memorized since I was a boy, and I recited it for them while imagining what it must have felt like to hear those words for the first time.

I took this photo that day—my children, much younger then, standing where Lincoln once stood, surrounded by the headstones of the soldiers whose sacrifice gave his words such meaning. That photo sits framed in my office today. I often find myself looking at it, especially when today’s civic challenges feel overwhelming.

It gives me hope—not just that I’ve passed along some of these civic lessons to my own children, but that their generation may be ready to carry forward the legacy of Lincoln’s 272 words. The unfinished work, as Lincoln reminded us, belongs to each new generation. And in that image, I am reminded that there is still reason to believe they will be up to the task.

Castles in the Clouds (Now with Structural Integrity)

Over the past seven years, I’ve had the honor—and let’s be honest, occasional heartburn—of watching each of my kids graduate from high school and make their way to college. And just this spring, I watched my youngest cross that stage, diploma in hand, looking ahead to college and new opportunities to perform on stage. Not long ago, I stood in similar crowds as both my oldest daughter and my son graduated from college in 2015 and 2017, respectively—she now heading to medical school, and he just beginning his professional journey. Five graduations in seven years. One by one, they’ve crossed stages and thresholds, each carrying their own hopes, anxieties, and a slightly wrinkled gown we definitely didn’t press well enough.

And with each of them, I found myself standing at the edge of something too—part pride, part panic, and part wondering: What now?

Not just for them, but for me.

Because no one tells you that watching your kids leave the nest doesn’t just mean you’ve finished building their launchpad—it means you’re suddenly staring at a big stretch of sky and wondering if it might be your turn again.

That’s where Thoreau comes in:

If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them.

I love that quote. It sounds dreamy at first, but dig deeper and it's rock solid. Dream big. But then—get to work. And not just once when you're young and fearless, but again and again as your dreams evolve. My mom actually gave me a card with that quote when I graduated from high school. At the time, I probably didn’t grasp the full weight of it—too distracted by tassels and the vague smell of barbecue from the grad party—but it stuck with me. Decades later, I see how right she was to press that wisdom into my hands. It’s not just advice. It’s a blueprint. One I’ve watched my kids begin to follow in their own way—and one I’m finally coming back to myself.

It reminds me, too, of a softer take from Little Women:

Wouldn’t it be fun if all the castles in the air which we make could come true, and we could live in them?

There’s something tender and hopeful in that. Because of course, dreams can come true—but not by accident. They’re built slowly, intentionally, with more elbow grease than fairy dust. That’s what I’ve tried to teach my kids. And what I’m still learning myself.

Watching my kids head off into the world reminded me that dreaming isn’t a phase—it’s a practice. And while they’ve been sketching out the first spires of their castles, I’ve been quietly digging up some blueprints of my own—the ones I tucked away years ago under a pile of permission slips, grocery lists, and sports schedules. Dreams don't expire, it turns out. They just wait for quieter mornings.

Still, this post isn’t just about me dusting off old ambitions. It’s also a note to my kids—and anyone else standing on the edge of graduation, or reinvention, or just the next big thing.

If I could give you one more speech (the kind you don’t have to sit through in a folding chair), I’d borrow heavily from Paul Graham’s brilliant essay, What You’ll Wish You’d Known. It’s the kind of advice that skips the clichés and gets to the good stuff. So here goes:

1. You don’t have to know what you want to be.

Seriously. You’re not behind if you don’t have a 10-year plan. Let curiosity lead for a while. Try things. Follow what fascinates you. Most people don’t find their path—they stumble into it while doing something else.

2. Work hard at things that feel fun to work hard at.

This is the secret sauce. Don’t chase status. Chase flow. If you find yourself losing track of time while building something, learning something, fixing something—that’s a clue.

3. Don’t be afraid to be bad at something.

The early stages of any good project—whether it's a podcast, a physics degree, or a life—are messy. Ugly, even. You have to wade through awkward to get to awesome.

4. Pay attention to the things that bother you.

What frustrates you about the world? What would you change? That’s often where your purpose lives. Don’t be afraid to ask, “Why is it like this?” and then go fix it.

5. You’re not locked in.

Change your major. Change your mind. Change your definition of success. Anyone who tells you that you have to pick a lane at 18 probably sells traffic cones for a living.

And to my kids specifically—thank you. For letting me walk alongside you as you started your own builds. For teaching me that dreams are not a one-time event, but a renewable resource.

Because watching you chase your castles has reminded me: I’ve got some unfinished architecture of my own. And now, with a little more time, and a lot more perspective, I’m putting those foundations in.

So wherever you are—clouds, sky, or air—keep building. Keep learning. Keep asking better questions. And don’t worry if the blueprint changes along the way.

Oh—and come home sometimes. I’ve got snacks.